Fluclox 250

Generic

Flucloxacillin Sodium

 

Indications

Flucloxacillin is used to treat infections produced by Gram-positive bacteria, particularly infections caused by staphylococci that produce penicillinase. These are some of the signs:

Infections of the skin and soft tissues: boils, abscesses, carbuncles, and infected skin diseases (e.g. ulcer, eczema, acne, furunculosis, cellulitis, infected wounds, infected burns, otitis media and externa, impetigo).

• Pneumonia, lung abscess, empyema, sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, and quinsy are all respiratory tract illnesses.
  It is also used to treat other infections caused by Flucloxacillin-sensitive organisms, such as osteomyelitis, enteritis, endocarditis, urinary tract infection, meningitis, and septicaemia.
• When appropriate, it is utilized as a preventive medication during major surgical procedures such as cardiothoracic and orthopedic surgery.

 

Pharmacology

Flucloxacillin is active against Gram-positive organisms including penicillinase producing strains. It has little activity against Gram-negative bacilli. Flucloxacillin acts by inhibiting the formation of cell wall of bacteria. Flucloxacillin is isoxazolyl penicillin which combined the properties of resistance to hydrolysis by penicillinase, gastric acid stability and activity against gram-positive bacteria. Flucloxacillin is a bactericidal antibiotic that is particularly useful against penicillinase-producing staphylococci. Flucloxacillin kills bacterial cellwall, thus interfering with peptidoglycan synthesis. Peptidoglycan is a heteropolymeric structure that provides the cell wall with its mechanical stability. The final stage of peptidoglycan synthesis involves the completion of the cross-linking with the terminal glycine residue of the pentaglycin bridge linking to the fourth residue of the pentapeptide (D-alanine). The transpeptidase enzyme that performs this step is inhibited by Flucloxacillin. As a result the bacterial cellwall is weakened, the cell swells and then ruptures. Flucloxacillin resists the action of bacterial penicillinase probably because of the steric hindrance induced by the acyl side chain which prevents the opening of the β- lactam ring.

 

Dosage

Oral administration:

• Adult: 250 mg four times daily. Dosage may be doubled in severe infections. In osteomyelitis and endocarditis, up to 8 gm daily is used in 6-8 hourly divided doses.
• Children (2-10 years): 1/2 of adult dose.
• Children (Under 2 years): 1/4 of adult dose.

Parenteral administration:
Adult or Elderly:

• Intramuscular Injection: 250 mg four times daily.
• Intravenous Injection: 250 mg-1 g four times daily by slow injection over 3 to 4 minutes or by intravenous infusion.
• All systemic doses may be doubled in severe infections: doses up to 8 g daily have been suggested for endocarditis or osteomyelitis.

Children:

• 2-10 years: half of the adult dose.
• Under 2 years: a quarter of the adult dose.

 

Administration

Oral doses should be administered 1 hour before meal.

 

Interaction

Concurrent use of Flucloxacillin and may result in increased level of Flucloxacillin in blood for prolonged period.

 

Contraindications

Flucloxacillin is contraindicated in penicillin hypersensitive patients.

 

Side Effects

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, dyspepsia, and other minor gastrointestinal problems are some of the most prevalent gastrointestinal side effects. Urticaria, purpura, fever, interstitial nephritis, hepatitis, and cholestatic jaundice have all been documented in addition to these rashes.

 

Pregnancy & Lactation

US FDA Pregnancy Category of Flucloxacillin is B. There are, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Flucloxacillin have been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Flucloxacillin is administered to a lactating mother.

 

Precautions & Warnings

Flucloxacillin should be used with caution in patients with evidence of hepatic dysfunction. Caution should also be exercised in the treatment of patients with an allergic diathesis.

 

Therapeutic Class

Penicillinase-resistant penicillins

 

Storage Conditions

Keep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

 

Pharmaceutical Name

ACI Limited.